After giving two examples (Zoltar, Coin Flipping), it is now time in Uncertainty Wednesday to formalize the ideas. The following picture will be useful. It shows a very simple reality/system (the blue box) we are trying to understand and the observation (the arrow) we are making to do so.In particular, our system has only two possible states A and B. And our observation can take on only two possible values, 0 and 1. This is the simplest possible setup that is of interest. Why? Let’s see if it...
